Queried . Eurostat Comext, DS-045409, dataset version .
Egypt CBAM exposure map: EU imports by sector and product, 2023 to 2025
In 2025 the EU imported EUR 2.78bn of CBAM goods from Egypt, about 6.54 million tonnes. Here are the figures by sector and product line, in EUR and tonnes, with Egypt's share of what the EU imports from outside, and a CSV file to download.
By sector
EU imports of CBAM goods from Egypt, EUR million
Fertilisers are more than half of the total; steel has fallen since 2023.
EU imports of CBAM goods from Egypt, million tonnes
By tonnes, cement and clinker is the third sector, more than three times its 2023 level.
| Sector or line | CN | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | Egypt share of extra-EU, 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fertilisers | 2808, 2814, 2834 21, 3102, 3105 | 1,129.6 | 1,143.8 | 1,519.8 | 18.2% |
| Urea | 3102 10 | 907.7 | 893.8 | 1,325.9 | 45.7% |
| Ammonia | 2814 | 126.1 | 145.8 | 65.7 | 4.6% |
| Other nitrogenous fertilisers | 3102 (excl. 3102 10) | 17.0 | 33.8 | 67.7 | 5.5% |
| Mixed fertilisers | 3105 (excl. 3105 60) | 78.7 | 70.3 | 60.5 | 2.5% |
| Other fertiliser lines | 2808, 2834 21 | under 0.1 | 0 | under 0.1 | 0.0% |
| Aluminium | 7601, 7603 to 7614, 7616 | 427.4 | 535.8 | 615.5 | 2.0% |
| Unwrought aluminium | 7601 | 276.1 | 327.1 | 339.7 | 2.1% |
| Aluminium plates, sheets and strip | 7606 | 102.0 | 152.2 | 177.1 | 4.5% |
| Aluminium wire | 7605 | 14.7 | 23.2 | 53.8 | 5.2% |
| Aluminium bars, rods and profiles | 7604 | 24.0 | 22.2 | 23.3 | 1.2% |
| Other aluminium lines | 7603, 7607 to 7614, 7616 | 10.6 | 11.1 | 21.6 | 0.3% |
| Iron and steel | 2601 12, 72, 73 | 927.6 | 810.6 | 556.9 | 0.9% |
| Bars and rods of other alloy steel | 7228 | 6.7 | 4.3 | 136.2 | 11.6% |
| Bars and rods of non-alloy steel, forged or hot-rolled | 7214 | 182.6 | 163.0 | 122.5 | 9.2% |
| Hot-rolled flat products, 600 mm or wider | 7208 | 526.6 | 431.1 | 97.1 | 1.5% |
| Flat products, clad, plated or coated | 7210 | 50.6 | 38.2 | 55.7 | 1.0% |
| Wire rod of non-alloy steel | 7213 | 91.7 | 81.1 | 33.9 | 2.4% |
| Structures and parts of structures | 7308 | 26.3 | 44.3 | 44.4 | 0.7% |
| Other iron and steel lines | 2601 12, 72, 73 (listed) | 43.0 | 48.6 | 67.1 | 0.2% |
| Cement and clinker | 2523 | 38.1 | 72.0 | 90.2 | 8.4% |
| Cement clinker | 2523 10 | 18.2 | 49.0 | 58.4 | 14.6% |
| White Portland cement | 2523 21 | 19.8 | 21.2 | 19.6 | 21.0% |
| Other Portland cement (grey) | 2523 29 | 0.1 | 1.7 | 12.2 | 2.5% |
| Other cement lines | 2523 30, 2523 90 | under 0.1 | under 0.1 | under 0.1 | 0.0% |
| Hydrogen | 2804 10 | under 0.1 | under 0.1 | 0 | 0.0% |
| Electricity | 2716 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% |
| All CBAM goods | 2,522.7 | 2,562.2 | 2,782.5 | 2.5% |
| Sector or line | CN | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | Egypt share of extra-EU, 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fertilisers | 2808, 2814, 2834 21, 3102, 3105 | 2,604,033 | 3,125,359 | 3,753,316 | 18.7% |
| Urea | 3102 10 | 2,216,300 | 2,557,273 | 3,286,150 | 44.3% |
| Ammonia | 2814 | 206,099 | 319,846 | 146,852 | 5.5% |
| Other nitrogenous fertilisers | 3102 (excl. 3102 10) | 43,174 | 127,039 | 226,487 | 4.7% |
| Mixed fertilisers | 3105 (excl. 3105 60) | 138,459 | 121,202 | 93,806 | 2.0% |
| Other fertiliser lines | 2808, 2834 21 | 1 | -1 | 21 | 0.0% |
| Aluminium | 7601, 7603 to 7614, 7616 | 171,035 | 212,134 | 231,364 | 2.5% |
| Unwrought aluminium | 7601 | 117,162 | 136,678 | 135,433 | 2.1% |
| Aluminium plates, sheets and strip | 7606 | 39,322 | 57,272 | 64,645 | 6.0% |
| Aluminium wire | 7605 | 5,081 | 8,332 | 18,416 | 5.3% |
| Aluminium bars, rods and profiles | 7604 | 6,480 | 6,417 | 6,548 | 1.7% |
| Other aluminium lines | 7603, 7607 to 7614, 7616 | 2,990 | 3,435 | 6,322 | 0.6% |
| Iron and steel | 2601 12, 72, 73 | 1,324,660 | 1,259,209 | 912,576 | 1.2% |
| Bars and rods of other alloy steel | 7228 | 6,221 | 4,724 | 266,943 | 22.3% |
| Bars and rods of non-alloy steel, forged or hot-rolled | 7214 | 306,122 | 296,376 | 228,531 | 10.0% |
| Hot-rolled flat products, 600 mm or wider | 7208 | 746,399 | 695,619 | 169,115 | 1.5% |
| Flat products, clad, plated or coated | 7210 | 60,893 | 48,814 | 79,079 | 1.2% |
| Wire rod of non-alloy steel | 7213 | 147,458 | 143,360 | 63,142 | 2.5% |
| Structures and parts of structures | 7308 | 10,147 | 12,846 | 17,629 | 0.6% |
| Other iron and steel lines | 2601 12, 72, 73 (listed) | 47,420 | 57,470 | 88,137 | 0.2% |
| Cement and clinker | 2523 | 461,120 | 1,222,806 | 1,646,843 | 11.6% |
| Cement clinker | 2523 10 | 307,871 | 1,040,645 | 1,350,005 | 18.9% |
| White Portland cement | 2523 21 | 152,221 | 163,634 | 155,662 | 21.5% |
| Other Portland cement (grey) | 2523 29 | 1,028 | 18,521 | 141,148 | 2.4% |
| Other cement lines | 2523 30, 2523 90 | 0 | 6 | 28 | 0.0% |
| Hydrogen | 2804 10 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% |
| Electricity | 2716 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| All CBAM goods | 4,560,851 | 5,819,508 | 6,544,099 | 5.5% |
By product line
Egypt’s ten largest CBAM lines, 2025, EUR million
Urea alone is 47.7% of the total.
What this means for exporters
Fertilisers are the exposure. Urea alone was EUR 1,325.9m in 2025, and Egypt supplies 44.3% of what the EU imports from outside by tonnes. The fertiliser mark-up is only 1%, but the default figure itself is high, so verified actual data is what brings the certificate count down. Read the urea page and the ammonia page; ammonia fell from EUR 145.8m in 2024 to EUR 65.7m in 2025.
Aluminium rises every year. From EUR 427.4m in 2023 to EUR 615.5m in 2025, mostly unwrought metal (7601) and plates and sheets (7606). The default mark-up rises from 10% to 20% in 2027 and 30% from 2028. Read the aluminium page.
Steel has fallen and changed shape. Down from EUR 927.6m in 2023 to EUR 556.9m in 2025. Hot-rolled flat products (7208) fell from EUR 526.6m to EUR 97.1m, while bars of other alloy steel (7228) rose from EUR 6.7m to EUR 136.2m. Both headings are in scope, so a change of heading does not take a product out of CBAM. The main guide covers steel until its own page is ready.
Cement and clinker grow fastest by tonnes. From 0.46 million tonnes in 2023 to 1.65 million tonnes in 2025, and Egypt supplies 18.9% of the clinker the EU imports from outside. The price per tonne is low and the emissions per tonne are high, so the CBAM cost is a large share of the selling price. Read the cement and clinker page.
No electricity imports are recorded, and hydrogen imports are negligible. Both sectors are in scope, but Egypt has no material exposure in them today.
What it means for an exporter. Where Egypt is a large share of what the EU buys from outside, as with urea and clinker, a buyer cannot switch suppliers quickly, and verified plant data is what keeps the cost on your actual emissions rather than the default. Start with the readiness check.
CBAM by product
Method
- Reporter EU, partner Egypt (EG) and then extra-EU (EXT_EU), flow imports, annual, 2023, 2024 and 2025. Amounts in EUR; quantity in 100 kg, converted to tonnes.
- Codes from Annex I of Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as amended: chapter 72 except the ferro-alloys excluded under 7202 and scrap (7204), 2601 12 and the listed headings of chapter 73; aluminium 7601, 7603 to 7614 and 7616; fertilisers 2808, 2814, 2834 21, 3102 and 3105 except 3105 60; cement 2523; hydrogen 2804 10; electricity 2716.
- CN 2507 00 80 (kaolinic clay) is left out because only the calcined form is now in scope and the trade data cannot separate it.
- Egypt's share is its imports divided by EU imports from all countries outside the EU for the same code and year. Each sector's "other" row is the sector total less the lines listed above it.
- Dataset version 16 October 2026, queried through the Eurostat API on 2 November 2026. Eurostat may revise the 2025 figures in later versions.
Eurostat Comext, DS-045409 ec.europa.eu
Cite this page
Hamdy, O. (2026) "Egypt CBAM exposure map: EU imports, 2023 to 2025". omarhamdy.com, 2 November 2026. https://omarhamdy.com/guides/cbam-egypt-exporters/exposure/
In a personal capacity. An explanation of published data, not legal or tax advice for a specific shipment.